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Help CenterSteel Billet & Square Billet，Q195、Q235B、Q275、3SP/5SP、SS400、S235JR、10#、20#、35#、45#、50#、65Mn、S45C、Q355B/C/D、16Mn、20MnSi、S355JR
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1. Product Overview
Steel billet is a semi-finished steel product produced by steelmaking procedures, serving as the core raw material for steel rolling, forging, wire drawing and pipe manufacturing. It cannot be directly used for end products. After reheating at high temperature and plastic processing, it can be made into finished steel products such as deformed steel bars, wire rods, steel plates, seamless tubes and section steels.
The mainstream production process is continuous casting (ingot casting billets have been basically phased out). Molten steel undergoes refining, tundish distribution, solidification in crystallizer, electromagnetic stirring, continuous straightening and flame cutting to fixed lengths. It features uniform internal structure, well-controlled segregation and porosity, excellent hot workability and stable finished product yield.
2. Product Classification
2.1 Classified by Cross-Section Shape
Square BilletEqual length and width cross-section, mainstream specifications: 80×80/100×100/120×120/130×130/150×150mm; length: 6m/9m/12m.Application: Rolling deformed steel bars, wire rods, round bars, small angle steels and small forgings.
Bloom & Rectangular BilletLarge cross-sections such as 200×200, 250×300, 300×400mm.Application: Rolling H-beams, I-beams, channel steels, large round bars and heavy forgings.
SlabLarge width-to-thickness ratio, thickness 120–250mm, width 800–1600mm.Application: Hot rolled coils, medium & heavy plates, thin plates and patterned plates for containers.
Round Billet (Tube Billet)Solid circular cross-section with diameter Φ100–Φ350mm.Application: Seamless steel pipes, shaft parts, automobile half shafts, hydraulic pipes and forged shaft components.
Beam BlankApproximate H-shaped cross-section, specially used for hot rolling H-beam production lines.
2.2 Classified by Chemical Composition
Ordinary Carbon Steel BilletGrades: Q195, Q235B, Q275, 3SP/5SP, SS400, S235JRFeatures: Low cost, good welding and hot workability, mainstream raw material for construction materials.
High-Quality Carbon Structural Steel BilletGrades: 10#, 20#, 35#, 45#, 50#, 65Mn, S45CFeatures: Low sulfur and phosphorus impurities, uniform structure, used for mechanical parts, fasteners and springs.
Low Alloy High-Strength Steel BilletGrades: Q355B/C/D, 16Mn, 20MnSi, S355JRFeatures: High strength and good low-temperature toughness, dedicated for engineering structures and heavy machinery.
Alloy Structural Steel BilletGrades: 20Cr, 40Cr, 42CrMo, 20CrMnTi, 15CrMoFeatures: Added chromium, molybdenum, manganese and vanadium with strong hardenability, used for gears, bearings and construction machinery.
Special Purpose Steel BilletTube blank steel, boiler steel billet, stainless steel billet, tool steel billet, etc., matching oil & gas pipelines, pressure vessels and corrosion-resistant parts.
2.3 Classified by Production Process
Continuous Casting Billet (mainstream, low cost, large output and stable supply)
Blooming Billet (rolled from steel ingots, mostly for high-end special steel)
Forged Billet (formed by forging, raw material for small-batch precision forgings)
3. Conventional Specification Parameters (For Foreign Trade)
Mainstream Sizes of Square Billet80×80, 90×90, 100×100, 120×120, 130×130, 150×150mmFixed length: 6000mm / 9000mm / 12000mm, tolerance ±50mm
Cross-section dimensional tolerance: ±1.5mm, diagonal difference ≤2mm, flat end without severe cutting skew.
Theoretical Weight per Piece (Example: 100×100×12m)Density: 7.85t/m³, Weight per piece = 0.1×0.1×12×7.85 = 9.42 tons
Surface Condition: Hot rolled native oxide scale, free of large-area cracks, scabs, subcutaneous bubbles and deep slag pits; slight iron oxide scale is normal.
4. Applicable Standards
Domestic National & Industrial Standards
GB/T 20066 Dimensions, Shape, Weight and Allowable Deviations of Continuous Casting Square and Rectangular Billets
YB/T 4827 Continuous Casting Square Billets for Hot Rolled Reinforcing Steel Bars
GB/T 699 High-Quality Carbon Structural Steels
GB/T 1591 Low Alloy High Strength Structural Steels
GB/T 3077 Alloy Structural Steels
International Export Standards
European Standard: EN 10025 (S235JR, S355JR)
American Standard: ASTM A36, A105, 1010, 1045
Japanese Standard: JIS G3101 SS400
General Standard for Middle East & Africa: 3SP, 5SP
5. Chemical Composition & Mechanical Properties (Reference for Q235B Carbon Square Billet)
Melting Composition (wt%)
C: 0.12–0.22; Si: 0.12–0.30; Mn: 0.30–0.70; P≤0.045; S≤0.045
Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties
Yield Strength ≥235MPa; Tensile Strength 375–500MPa; Elongation after Fracture ≥21%Chemical composition and mechanical indicators of low alloy and alloy steel billets can be customized as per customer requirements.
6. Core Quality Control Requirements
Internal Metallurgical QualityNo severe central shrinkage, central porosity, subcutaneous bubbles or large non-metallic inclusions; carbon segregation and sulfur segregation meet standard grades, and uniform electromagnetic stirring improves internal structure.
Surface QualityCracks, heavy skins and sharp pits with depth over 2mm are not allowed; slight scratches, iron oxide scale and tiny pits are deemed qualified.
Dimensional AccuracyStrict control over side length, length, straightness and torsion to ensure smooth feeding into rolling mills and reduce rolling waste.
Inspection & TestingUltrasonic testing (UT) is available for high-end alloy billets to detect internal defects. Export steel billets are accompanied by Mill Test Certificate (MTC EN10204 3.1).
7. Main Application Fields
Construction Industry: Rolling HRB400/HRB500 deformed steel bars, high-speed wire rods, wire coils and construction round bars.
Steel Structure Engineering: Hot rolled angle steel, channel steel, I-beam, H-beam and flat steel.
Pipe Manufacturing: Rolling seamless fluid pipes, boiler tubes and oil & gas transmission pipelines from round billets.
Machinery Manufacturing: Forging gears, shaft parts, flanges, structural parts for construction machinery and fasteners.
Plate Processing: Hot rolling slabs into hot rolled coils, medium & heavy plates and cut-to-length steel plates.
Wire Drawing: Low-carbon square billets drawn into steel nails, steel wires and steel wire ropes.
8. Product Advantages
Stable Material: Fully ladle refining process with small composition fluctuation and high finished product yield for downstream rolling.
Excellent Machinability: Good ductility at high temperature, low cracking risk, compatible with various processes such as hot rolling, forging and extrusion.
Complete Specifications: Regular stock of carbon steel, low alloy and high-quality carbon billets; custom fixed lengths available on demand.
Stable Supply: Spot inventory at Tianjin Port, production cycle 5–7 days.
Export Compliance: Complete original factory quality certificates and customs clearance documents, customizable to standards of various countries.
9. Packing, Transportation & Storage
Packing: Square billets bound with steel strips, 10–20 pieces per bundle with firm binding to prevent scattering; slabs and round billets are shipped in bulk with wood blocks at the bottom to avoid collision damage.
Shipment: Transportable by train, bulk carrier and container, direct shipment from Tianjin Port to global ports.
Storage: Stored in open yards; natural iron oxide scale serves as protective layer. Cover with tarpaulin for long-term storage to reduce rust.
10. Delivery Instructions
Minimum Order Quantity: Negotiable for full ship or full truck bulk orders.
Loading Port: Tianjin Port，Qingdao Port，Shanghai Port.
Production Cycle: Complete production and delivery within 5–7 days upon receipt of 30% TT advance payment.
Payment Terms: 30% TT prepayment, 70% TT balance against copy of Bill of Lading; Letter of Credit (LC) is not accepted.
Accompanying Documents: Original Mill Test Certificate, Packing List, Commercial Invoice and Certificate of Origin.
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