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Help CenterChannel Steel & Steel Channel，Q235B、Q235A、SPHC、Q235B、Q235A、SPHC
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1. Basic Product Definition
Channel steel, also named U-channel, is a long structural section with U-shaped groove cross-section. It is produced by hot rolling or cold bending of qualified steel billets, consisting of a web and two side flanges. It features outstanding bending resistance and bearing capacity, and supports deep processing including cutting, welding, punching, bending and hot-dip galvanizing. It is commonly combined with I-beams and square/rectangular tubes for steel structure construction, serving as a universal basic profile for factory buildings, vehicle frames, equipment bases and municipal supports.
2. Classification of Main Production Processes
2.1 Hot Rolled Standard Channel Steel (Mainstream for Engineering)
Production Process: Steel billet heating → multi-pass rolling → straightening & leveling → fixed-length cutting → surface finishing & inspection
Specification Range: Size 5#~40#, height 50mm~400mm, web thickness 4.5~14.5mm
Features: Flanges with standard inner slope, thick cross-section, high bearing capacity and excellent toughness, suitable for medium and heavy load-bearing structures.
2.2 Hot Rolled Light Channel Steel
Under the same height, it has narrower flanges and thinner web with lighter dead weight, used for cost reduction in low-load scenarios such as indoor light supports and simple storage racks.
2.3 Thin-Wall Cold Formed Channel Steel (C Purlin / Cold Formed U Channel)
Formed by cold bending thin steel strips with wall thickness 1.0~8mm, flexible dimensions and light weight, mainly applied for photovoltaic purlins, curtain wall keels and small decorative frames.
3. Detailed Product Classification
(1) Classification by Material Grade
Ordinary Carbon Steel Channel SteelQ195, Q215, Q235B, SS400, S235JR. Low cost with excellent weldability and cuttability, used for indoor factory buildings, simple supports, storage racks and temporary construction structures.
High-Strength Low-Alloy Channel SteelQ355B/C/D (16Mn), S355JR, ST52, Q390. High yield strength and superior low-temperature impact toughness, suitable for main factory beams, bridge supports, semi-trailer girders and heavy equipment bases.
High-Quality Carbon Structural Channel Steel20#, 45#. Low impurity content and uniform stable microstructure, applied for load-bearing bases of mechanical equipment and forging raw materials.
Special Weathering Channel SteelWeathering steel Q355NH with strong atmospheric corrosion resistance, for long-term outdoor service, coastal infrastructure and outdoor wind power supports.
(2) Classification by Surface Treatment
Black Hot Rolled Channel SteelOriginal oxidized surface coated with anti-rust oil, mostly used for indoor components and secondary painting/galvanizing processing.
Hot-Dip Galvanized Channel SteelZinc coating weight: 275–915g/㎡ with long anti-corrosion service life, widely used for outdoor photovoltaic supports, municipal guardrails, bridge auxiliary structures and coastal projects.
Painted / Powder Coated Channel SteelColor protective coating with neat appearance, ideal for indoor decoration, storage racks and indoor equipment frames.
Shot Blasted Primed Channel SteelSurface sand blasting to remove oxide scale with anti-rust primer coating, specially adapted for long-distance sea export with prolonged rust protection.
(3) Common Size Specification Range
National standard hot rolled channel sizes: 5#, 6.3#, 8#, 10#, 12.6#, 14a/14b, 16a/16b, 18a/18b, 20a/20b, 25a/25b, 30a/30b, 40a/40b
Dimension marking rule: Height(h) × Flange width(b) × Web thickness(d), e.g. 10# channel steel: 100×48×5.3mm
Standard fixed lengths: 6m, 9m, 12m; custom non-standard lengths from 1m to 18m available
Theoretical weight: 3.5~43.6kg/m; complete theoretical weight tables can be provided on request.
4. Core Technical & Quality Acceptance Indicators
4.1 Chemical Composition Control
Comply strictly with national and international standards to precisely control C, Si, Mn, S and P. For ordinary carbon steel, S ≤ 0.045% and P ≤ 0.045%. Impurity limits for high-strength low-alloy steel are further tightened to eliminate cracking risks during welding and bending.
4.2 Dimensional & Shape Tolerance
Tolerance of height and flange width: ±0.8~±1.5mm
Tolerance of web thickness: ±0.3~±0.8mm
Overall straightness: ≤2mm per meter, no torsion, side bending or warping
Smooth cutting ends with skew deviation ≤6mm, free of burrs and flash
Length tolerance: 0~+50mm; the proportion of short-length products shall not exceed 10% of total order quantity.
4.3 Surface Quality Requirements
Black channel steel shall be free from cracks, scabs, delamination, slag inclusion and large-area rust. Galvanized channel steel features complete and uniform zinc coating without missing plating, peeling or zinc nodules. Slight local defects can be polished and repaired, with cross-section dimensions still meeting tolerance limits after treatment.
4.4 Mechanical Properties
Uniform and stable mechanical properties within the same batch, including yield strength, tensile strength, elongation after fracture and low-temperature impact energy. No internal lamination or cracks inside the steel, with excellent weldability; it resists cracking and deformation during secondary processing such as bending, punching and cutting.
5. Executive Standards
Domestic National Standards
GB/T 706-2016 Hot Rolled Structural Sections, GB/T 6723-2008 Cold Formed Steel Sections, GB/T 1591 High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steels, GB/T 700 Carbon Structural Steels
International Foreign Trade Standards
ASTM A36/A572, EN 10025, JIS G3192, DIN UPN/UPE European channel steel; material certificates conforming to corresponding standards can be issued.
6. Supply Forms
Standard Fixed-Length Finished Channel Steel: Factory original 6m/9m/12m bundled bars with spot direct delivery
Custom Cut Channel Steel: Non-standard length cutting, end face grinding and deburring as per customer equipment requirements
Deep-Processed Finished Parts: Prefabricated components with hot-dip galvanizing, painting, punching and bending
Mixed-Length Delivery: A small proportion of short-length products can be negotiated for engineering orders in advance.
7. Core Product Advantages
Excellent Structural Bearing Performance: U-shaped cross-section provides superior bending and compression resistance. Combined with I-beams, it simplifies steel structure joints and reduces steel consumption under the same load to cut total project cost.
Strong Processing Adaptability: Balanced ductility and toughness support full-range deep processing including cutting, welding, punching, bending and galvanizing, compatible with automatic production lines with high yield rate and low processing loss.
Stable Dimensional Accuracy: Fully automatic hot rolling and straightening units ensure uniform and flat cross-sections with small assembly gaps, improving construction and equipment assembly efficiency on site.
Complete Anti-Corrosion Solutions: Multiple surface treatments including black finish, shot blasting, hot-dip galvanizing and painting cover indoor, inland outdoor and coastal high-corrosion scenarios.
Full Specification Coverage: Spot supply from small light cold formed channels to large heavy hot rolled channels; custom service available for ordinary carbon steel, low-alloy steel and weathering steel.
Traceable & Compliant Supply: All products are rolled from qualified factory steel billets. Complete test documents are attached to each batch to satisfy domestic & overseas project acceptance and customs clearance requirements.
8. Industry Application Scenarios
Building Steel Structure: Secondary factory beams, wall columns, roof supports, warehouse trusses, matching frames for prefabricated houses and canopy load-bearing brackets
New Energy Photovoltaic Industry: Ground photovoltaic supports, roof purlins, energy storage equipment bases and auxiliary wind power support frames
Municipal Infrastructure: Base of road guardrails, bridge reinforcement components, street lamp supports, traffic sign bases and pipe network support brackets
Machinery & Equipment Manufacturing: Engineering machinery frames, agricultural machinery load-bearing frames, heavy storage racks, assembly line racks and machine tool bases
Automobile & Transportation Industry: Semi-trailer girders, auxiliary truck carriage frames, passenger car internal supports and small rail transit equipment brackets
Storage & Decoration: Indoor steel storage racks, exhibition frames, equipment protection frames, factory partition supports and small balcony guardrails
Special Outdoor Engineering: Coastal anti-corrosion infrastructure, main breeding fence frames, light load-bearing internal ship structures and temporary construction scaffolding.
9. Foreign Trade Packaging, Delivery Cycle & Qualification Documents
9.1 Standard Seaworthy Export Packaging
Each bundle is reinforced with multiple high-tensile steel straps, equipped with plastic corner protectors at both ends to prevent collision and deformation during transportation.
Coated with anti-rust oil internally and wrapped by waterproof plastic film, fully covered with rainproof tarpaulin for moisture resistance.
Fumigated solid wooden pallets at the bottom for container hoisting, achieving reliable rust and moisture protection for long sea shipment.
Clear marking printed on each bundle: specification model, material grade, bundle weight, furnace number, production batch number and executive standard.
9.2 Delivery Cycle
Conventional spot Q235 standard black hot rolled channel steel: 3–7 working days
Q355 low-alloy, hot-dip galvanized/painted surface treatment and custom cutting processing: 7–15 working days
Large-size heavy channel steel, mass production orders and special weathering steel grades: 15–25 working days
9.3 Complete Export Supporting Documents
Mill Test Certificate (MTC), factory chemical composition & mechanical property test report and product certificate. For foreign trade, Certificate of Origin (CO), FORM E, CE certification, ISO9001 certificate and third-party SGS test reports are available.
9.4 Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ)
Spot goods support small trial orders starting from 5 tons. Full-container bulk purchases enjoy preferential unit prices with batch split delivery, meeting procurement demands of small & medium processing factories and large general contractors.
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